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Reversible C–N Bond Formation in the Zirconium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of 2-Vinylpyridine

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The intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes with alkylamines has been a long-standing challenge in catalysis, partially due to the near-thermoneutral nature of this transformation. Consistent with this understanding, we report the… Click to show full abstract

The intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes with alkylamines has been a long-standing challenge in catalysis, partially due to the near-thermoneutral nature of this transformation. Consistent with this understanding, we report the direct observation of reversible C–N bond formation in hydroamination. A bis(ureate) zirconium complex catalyzed the intermolecular hydroamination of 2-vinylpyridine. Reversible C–N bond formation was characterized by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy, and thermodynamic parameters were determined using van’t Hoff plots. Isolated intermediates support an aza-Michael-addition mechanism. Sensitivity to steric bulk in the C–N bond forming step provided further evidence for the kinetically accessible but limited thermodynamic driving force for this transformation.

Keywords: bond formation; hydroamination; intermolecular hydroamination; reversible bond; bond

Journal Title: Organometallics
Year Published: 2019

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