LAUSR

Nonstoichiometric protic ionic liquids (NSPILs) are efficient electrolytes for protic electrochemical devices such as the all-organic proton battery, which has been suggested as a sustainable approach to energy storage. NSPILs contain a mixture of proton donors and acceptors and are ideal for this purpose due to their high proton conductivity, high electrochemical stability, low cost, and ease of synthesis. However, the electrolyte proton activity must be controlled carefully in these devices since it greatly influences the kinetics and energetics of the electrode redox reactions and, hence, also impacts battery device performance. In this study, specific NSPILs were designed and evaluated as electrolytes for the all-organic proton battery. The NSPILs were based on either 1,2,4-triazole or 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole partially protonated with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) to produce a range of NSPILs with different degrees of protonation. Both types of NSPIL investigated here exhibited a maximum co...