LAUSR

An advanced lithium ion sulfur battery is constructed on the foundation of spontaneous electrochemical exfoliation and lithiation of graphite in nonaqueous electrolytes, in which to produce a high-quality graphene matrix for the sulfur cathode and lithiated graphite for the anode, respectively. On one hand, the high-quality graphene, obtained via spontaneous electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in propylene-carbonate-based electrolyte, works as a matrix to improve the conductivity of sulfur and trap the polysulfides. On the other hand, the lithiated graphite anode, obtained by spontaneous electrochemical lithiation of graphite in ethylene-carbonate-based electrolyte with 5 wt % fluoroethylene-carbonate additive, provides ample lithium ion sources and increases the safety coefficient of the lithium ion sulfur battery. Meanwhile, the fluoroethylene-carbonate additive can derive a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase on a lithiated graphite anode, which can in turn mitigate the notorious “shuttle effect”...