LAUSR

Lead based organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have been developed for advanced optoelectronic applications. However, the toxicity of lead and the chemical instability of lead-based perovskite materials have so far demonstrated to be an overwhelming challenge. The discovery of perovskite materials based on low toxic elements, such as, Sn, Bi, Sb, Ge and Cu, with superior optoelectronic properties provides alternative approach to realize high-performance perovskite optoelectronics. In this review, recent advances in the aspects of low-toxic perovskite solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes and thermoelectric devices are highlighted. The anti-oxidation stability of metal cation and the crystallization process of the low-toxic perovskite materials are discussed. In the last part, the outlook towards addressing various issues required further attention in the development of low-toxic perovskite materials is outlined.