LAUSR

Iatrogenic extrahepatic bile duct injury remains a dreaded complication while performing cholecystectomy. Although X-ray based cholangiography could reduce the incidence of biliary tract injuries, the deficiencies including radiation damage and expertise dependence hamper its further clinical application. The effective strategy for intraoperative cholangiography is still urgently required. Herein, a fluorescence-based imaging approach for cholangiography in the near-infrared IIb window (1500-1700 nm) using TT3-oCB, a bright aggregation-induced emission luminogen with large π-conjugated planar unit, is reported. In phantom studies, TT3-oCB nanoparticles exhibit high near-infrared IIb emission and show better image clarity at varying penetrating depths. When intrabiliary injected into the gallbladder or the common bile duct of the rabbit, TT3-oCB nanoparticles enable the real-time imaging of the biliary structure with deep penetrating capability and high signal-to-background ratio. Moreover, the tiny iatrogenic biliary injuries and the gallstones in established disease models could be precisely diagnosed by TT3-oCB nanoparticle assisted near-infrared IIb imaging. In summary, we reported a feasible application for aggregation-induced emission dots as biliary contrast agent and realized high-quality cholangiography in the near-infrared IIb window with precise diagnostic ability and nonradioactive damage, which could possibly be applied for intraoperative diagnosis.