A green aloe-vera gel contains small tissues (as capillaries), which easily upload Ca2+/In3+ species (upon adding in a solution) so as to form a hybrid complex and conduct a local… Click to show full abstract
A green aloe-vera gel contains small tissues (as capillaries), which easily upload Ca2+/In3+ species (upon adding in a solution) so as to form a hybrid complex and conduct a local carbothermic reaction (on heating) in the capillaries, forming a nanohybrid C-CaIn2O4, small core–shells of a tunable carbon-shell of a few molecular layers. Thin C-CaIn2O4 plates (15–20 nm thickness) thus were grown preferentially in (200) facets in a tetragonal crystal structure on a mixed gel which was burnt in camphor in air. The shell thickness was thermally etched down, δ = 3 → 0.5 nm, by post-heating at 400–600 °C in air. It finely tailors dielectric properties on account of interfaces, conducting networks, multiple surfaces, and O2– vacancies/twins (induced in a deoxidizing carbon) with effectively enhanced “e––h+” ion pairs useful for supercapacitors and other devices. In a proposed model, the CaIn2O4 bonds over C-sp2 via O2– in polygons in a network of a 2D-interface Ca2+/In3+–O–C (δ ≥ 0.5 nm), which, when heating, exi...
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