The dehydration of fructose to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), catalyzed by Fe-NHC covalently tethered on spent mesoporous mango peel cellulose, is reported. The supported Fe-NHC catalyst shows excellent activity at 100 °C.… Click to show full abstract
The dehydration of fructose to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), catalyzed by Fe-NHC covalently tethered on spent mesoporous mango peel cellulose, is reported. The supported Fe-NHC catalyst shows excellent activity at 100 °C. HMF yield (71.0%), fructose conversion (97.5%), and HMF selectivity (71.5%) were achieved at t = 1 h, corresponding to a turnover frequency (TOF) of 79.2 h–1. Catalyst performance is comparable to traditional zeolites, such as Amberlyst-15, Montmorillonite K10, and ZSM-5, and can be reused.
               
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