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The first zerovalent germanium complex ("germylone") 3, [SiII(Xant)SiII]Ge0, stabilized by a chelating bis(N-heterocyclic silylene)xanthene donor ligand 1 was successfully synthesized via the dechlorination of the corresponding {[SiII(Xant)SiII]GeCl}+Cl- complex 2 with… Click to show full abstract
The first zerovalent germanium complex ("germylone") 3, [SiII(Xant)SiII]Ge0, stabilized by a chelating bis(N-heterocyclic silylene)xanthene donor ligand 1 was successfully synthesized via the dechlorination of the corresponding {[SiII(Xant)SiII]GeCl}+Cl- complex 2 with KC8; it was structurally and spectroscopically characterized, and also studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of 3 unambiguously exhibits two lone pairs of electrons (one σ-type lone-pair and one 3p(Ge) lone-pair) on the zerovalent Ge atom. This is why the Ge atom can form the corresponding mono- and bis-AlBr3 Ge → Al Lewis adducts [SiII(Xant)SiII]Ge(AlBr3) 4 and [SiII(Xant)SiII]Ge(AlBr3)2 5, respectively. Due to the electron-rich character of the Ge0 atom, the germylone 3 displayed quite unusual reactivities. Thus, the reaction of 3 with 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN) as a potential Lewis acid furnished the first boryl(silyl)germylene complex 6, possessing a heteroallylic B···Ge···Si π-conjugation. When 3 was allowed to react with Ni(cod)2 (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene), the unique {[SiII(Xant)SiII]GeI}2NiII complex with a three-membered ring Ge2Ni-metallacycle was obtained via reductive coupling of two Ge0 atoms on the Ni center. Moreover, 3 was suitable to form a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) with BPh3, which was capable of heterolytic H2 cleavage at 1 atm and room temperature, representing, for the first time, that a metallylone could be applied in FLP chemistry.