We present deformation measurements of the Kirishima volcanic complex from ALOS and ALOS‐2 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series during 2006–2019. Shinmoe‐dake deflated ∼6 cm during the 2008–2010 phreatic… Click to show full abstract
We present deformation measurements of the Kirishima volcanic complex from ALOS and ALOS‐2 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series during 2006–2019. Shinmoe‐dake deflated ∼6 cm during the 2008–2010 phreatic eruptions and inflated ∼5 cm prior to the 2017 magmatic eruption. Iwo‐yama inflated ∼19 cm within the crater since January 2015 and ∼7 cm around the southern and western vents since 4 months before the 2018 eruption. These deformations can be modeled as ellipsoids at ∼700 m depth beneath Shinmoe‐dake and as a sphere on top of an ellipsoid at ∼130 and ∼340 m depths beneath Iwo‐yama. Combining geodetic, geoelectric, geochemical, and petrological analysis, we interpret the hydrothermal origin of the deflation at Shinmoe‐dake and inflation at Iwo‐yama; the hydrothermal–magmatic transition during the 2011 Shinmoe‐dake eruption; and water‐boiling and bottom‐up pressurization as driving mechanisms of the inflation at Iwo‐yama. The study highlights the imaging potential of InSAR time series on complex hydrothermal systems.
               
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