LAUSR

POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy and skin changes) is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia sometimes treated with a haematopoietic cell autotransplant. We analyzed data from 138 subjects with newly diagnosed POEMS syndrome receiving a autotransplant at our center. Thirty-two subjects with severe end-organ dysfunction ineligible for immediate autotransplant received pretransplant therapy, which made a subsequent autotransplant feasible. Pretransplant therapy resulted in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) remissions in 15 (47%). Thirty-three transplant recipients (24%) had early posttransplant complications. Risk factors for these complications identified through multivariate analysis included age >50 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–7.14; P=0.033), time from symptom onset to transplant >5 years (OR 4.71, 95% CI 1.10–20.18; P=0.037) and pleural effusion (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.26–9.12; P=0.016). Subjects receiving pretransplant therapy had fewer early complications than those who did not (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04–0.71; P=0.015), especially in subjects with a VEGF remission (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01–0.49; P=0.010). Autotransplants resulted in hematological remission in 60 (50%), VEGF remissions in 76 (72%) and improvements in other organ functions (65–90%). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 76% (95% CI 64–84%) and 94% (95% CI 87-97%), respectively. Hematological (5-year PFS 83 vs 66%, P=0.008), VEGF (5-year PFS 79 vs 57%, P=0.021) remissions and especially both (5-year PFS 95 vs 61%, P=0.004) were associated with better PFS.