LAUSR

Multi-source energy storage systems (MESSs) have been gaining prominence in electric vehicles (EVs) research area. Energy- and power-flow control of on-board MESS and its integration are essential to the performance of urban EVs. Development of an energy management system (EMS) is an important issue with significant influence on the EV range and capabilities. In this study, an innovative coupled energy management algorithm is presented, applied to a fully decoupled MESS containing batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). The proposed energy management algorithm uses an original online filtering technique coupled to a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The main advantages of the coupled approach and filtering are identified and discussed. The online filtering technique is placed inside the control loop, allowing the decoupling of the frequency of the battery power reference signal given by the FLC. The control loop as well as the EMS were previously simulated in MATLAB/Simulink™ for an urban EV. Furthermore, the coupled EMS has been validated through power-level reduced-scale hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed coupled energy management algorithm. As a result of this development, the proposed EMS is effective in controlling the power-flows with battery lifetime improvement and optimisation in EV performance.