LAUSR

The energy storage system is the backbone of an isolated microgrid (MG), which helps to provide a secure and reliable power supply. The operation of the MG systems operating without storage is affected highly due to intermittent generation and sudden load demand fluctuations. This study investigates the operational behaviour of an isolated MG system in terms of frequency and power balance by incorporating the Micro Pump Hydro Energy Storage (MPHES) system. The investigated MG system consists of biodiesel, solar and wind-based generating units with MPHES and battery as energy storage systems. The realistic data for solar and wind resources have been used to consider the practical scenario of any area. The recently developed coyote-optimisation algorithm is employed for optimal tuning of the proportional–integral controller using the integral of time multiplied absolute error criterion. The simulation studies have been conducted to investigate the performance of the MG system by incorporating the MPHES system for a typical day (36 h) under various operating conditions. The analysis reveals that the MG system exhibits smoother and consistent dynamic performance by including the MPHES unit and efficiently utilises renewable power.