LAUSR

OBJECTIVE Life expectancy for lung-transplant patients, especially those with cystic fibrosis (CF), is leading increasingly to more retransplantations. DESIGN Retrospective monocentric cohort study. SETTING Foch University Hospital, Suresnes, France. PARTICIPANTS CF patients having had a primary double-lung transplantation (pLgTx) or a retransplantation (reLgTx) from 2012 to 2021. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The authors compared the main intraoperative and early postoperative features between pLgTx (n = 258) and reLgTx (n = 24). Demographic characteristics were similar. No patients with retransplantations had a preoperative bridge with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO); however, 23 patients had it in the pLgTx group (p = 0.24). Patients with retransplants had longer second graft ischemic time (p = 0.02), larger intraoperative bleeding volume (p = 0.001) and blood transfusion (p = 0.009 for packed red blood cells), increased blood lactate concentrations (p = 0.002), and higher norepinephrine dose at end-surgery (p = 0.001). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used during surgery in 94 patients in the pLgTx group and 12 patients in the reLgTx group (p = 0.39). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could not be weaned after surgery in 55 patients in the pLgTx group and 4 in the reLgTx group (p = 0.54). Despite worse preoperative renal function in the reLgTx group (p < 0.001), there was no difference concerning renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit between groups (p = 0.08). There were no differences between groups concerning the main complications, including primary graft dysfunction. Although the difference was not statistically different (p = 0.17), mortality was 3 times higher in the reLgTx group. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative period of retransplantation was more convoluted but had a similar ECMO profile to primary transplantation. In addition, the early postoperative period was similar.