LAUSR

Historically, training in congenital heart surgery was variable and followed 1 of 3 pathways: residents identified during the primary training process were given the opportunity for a career training position within their own or other institution, residents would travel abroad for training and return to look for a faculty appointment based on their training experience, or a resident would enter a 1-year fellowship position after completing Thoracic Surgery training. These training opportunities and fellowships lacked uniformity and quality control. The purpose of an Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited residency program and an American Board of Thoracic Surgery subspecialty certificate in congenital heart surgery was to recognize and document a standard of education, operative experience, and cognitive knowledge for surgeons practicing in the field. There have been several important papers related to congenital cardiac training published over the years: (1) a manuscript by Kogon published in 2006 outlining congenital cardiac training prior to ACGME program accreditation, (2) a manuscript by Kogon et al published in 2016 outlining congenital cardiac training subsequent to ACGME accreditation with a focus on job transition and early work experience, and (3) a manuscript published in 2017 focusing primarily on job transition and early work experience. The purpose of this review is to provide an update with respect to congenital cardiac training. More importantly, in comparing survey results from these previous papers with the current survey, some interesting trends have been revealed, good and bad.