LAUSR

We describe the case of a 59-year-old Japanese woman presenting with recurrent proctorrhagia. Her clinical history was unremarkable except for recently presenting alopecia, dysgeusia, and onychodystrophy. Ileocolonoscopy showed multiple strawberry-like sessile polyps ranging from 5 to 20mm in size in the rectosigmoid (▶Fig. 1). Upper endoscopy demonstrated hypertrophic gastric plicae and many sessile polyps of 5–15mm in size spreading from the stomach to the distal duodenum (▶Fig. 2 a, b). i-SCAN digital contrast (I-SCAN) and optical enhancement virtual chromoendoscopy (Optivista EPKi7010 video processor; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan) were activated to increase the detection of subtle mucosal changes, revealing several erosion-like mucosal defects within the surface of the polyps (▶Video1). During withdrawal, the dynamics of a major duodenal papillary prolapse were clearly observed within the context of a large, laterally spreading, superficial, and elevated polypoid projection (▶Video1). Targeted biopsy samples showed histological features consistent with a diagnosis of Cronkhite–Canada syndrome (▶Fig. 3 a, b). A capsule endoscopy excluded additional polyp locations and systemic steroid treatment was introduced to reduce both polyp formation and bleeding. Cronkhite–Canada syndrome is an extremely rare nonhereditary gastrointestinal polyposis, with 450 cases reported in the literature, mainly in the Japanese population [1]. The syndrome usually presents with a triad of dermatologic disorders, including alopecia, onycodystrophy, and hyperpigmentation, associated with a variable degree of gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea, malabsorption, and hemorrhage [2]. Cronkhite–Canada polyps are usually sessile, with abundant stromal edema, hyperplastic glands, and cystic mucous retention, plus mild inflammation with predominant eosinophilic infiltrate within the surrounding mucosa [3]. The prognosis for Cronkhite–Canada syndrome is often unfavorable, because of complications (malabsorption, gastrointestinal E-Videos