LAUSR

A 63-year-old man with a history of three synchronous primary cancers (colon, lung, and thyroid) underwent surveillance colonoscopy after his curative left hemicolectomy. A new 8mm rectal lesion was identified and removed with hot snare polypectomy. Histology showed a grade 1 rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Repeat colonoscopy 6 months later showed five new sub-centimeter rectal NETs, which were removed with cap-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Another surveillance colonoscopy (EC760ZP-V/L with 7000 System; Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan) was arranged 6 months later. Assessment with standard whitelight endoscopy was now challenging due to the scars from previous endoscopic resections (▶Fig. 1). Use of linked color imaging (LCI) identified a new small (3mm) lesion with yellowish discoloration that was not discernible on whitelight endoscopy (▶Fig. 2, ▶Video 1). The lesion was removed using cap-assisted EMR, and post-resection histology confirmed a well-differentiated NET. There were also several small nodules found at previous resection sites, but it was difficult to ascertain with standard white-light endoscopy whether these were due to granulation scar tissue or NET recurrence (▶Fig. 3 a). LCI demonstrated that the nodules were purple even on magnified zoom (▶Fig. 3b). This was suggestive of normal mucosa, and biopsies confirmed benign scar tissue. Rectal NETs are typically characterized as yellowish subepithelial lesions. Unfortunately, their appearance can sometimes resemble that of hyperplastic or adenomatous polyps, making endoscopic identification problematic [1]. LCI enhances the color contrast and has been shown to improve the diagnostic accuracy when detecting colorectal polyps [2]. This case describes a patient with multiple small rectal NETs that were difficult to identify with traditional white-light and imageenhanced endoscopic modes. LCI has the unique ability to better identify rectal NETs by intensifying the color difference between normal and abnormal mucosa. Endoscopists should consider the use of LCI when there is a high suspicion for NETs. E-Videos