LAUSR

8 A Timoshenko beam-on-Pasternak-foundation model (T-P) model is developed to estimate the 9 horizontal dynamic impedance and interaction factors for inclined piles subjected to a horizontal 10 harmonic load. The inclined pile with a fixed pile-to-cap connection is modeled as a Timoshenko 11 beams embedded in the homogeneous Pasternak foundation. The reactions of the soil on the pile tip 12 are simulated by three springs in parallel with corresponding dashpots. The differential equations of 13 normal and axial vibrations of the inclined pile are solved by means of the initial parameter method. 14 The model and the theoretical derivation are validated through comparisons with results from other 15 theoretical models for some large-diameter end-bearing piles and inclined piles. The effects of shear 16 deformations of the soil and inclined piles, during the vibration, are highlighted by comparing the 17 results between the T-P model and the Euler beam–on–dynamic–Winkler–foundation (E-W) model. 18 It is indicated that the T-P Model is more accurate for analyzing the dynamic performance of the 19 inclined piles with small slenderness ratios and large inclined angles. The effects of the inclined 20 angle, slenderness ratio and distance-diameter ratio on the dynamic impedance and interaction 21 factors are studied by numerical examples. It is demonstrated that the increased angle of the pile 22 results in an increase of horizontal impedance and decreases of interaction factors. 23 24