LAUSR

This paper presents automatic generation control of an unequal three area interconnected wind-hydro-thermal system incorporating flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) and energy storage devices. Non-linearities such as boiler dynamics and generation rate constraints are considered to get an insight into realistic power systems. A novel secondary controller named as the integral minus proportional derivative controller with first order filter effect (I-PDF) is proposed for the system. A new heuristic optimization technique called stochastic Fractal Search (SFS) is used for the optimization of the controller gains and other parameters. The comparison of system dynamics using some controllers such as integral (I), proportional–integral (PI), and proportional-integral-derivative (PID), and I-PDF reveals the superiority of the latter. The performance comparison of some FACTS devices such as static synchronous series capacitors, thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS), and unified power flow capacitors in t...