LAUSR

We theoretically analyze the polar decomposition for quantum modular values under various pointer states approaches. We consider both the finite-dimensional discrete pointer state and continuous pointer state cases. In contrast to that, a weak value of an observable is usually divided into its real and imaginary parts; here, we show that separation from the modulus and phase is necessary to a modular value. We show that the modulus of the modular value is related to the pointer post-selection conditional probability, and the phase of the modular value is connected to the summation of a geometric phase and an intrinsic phase. We also discuss a relationship between the modulus and phase, and therein, the derivative of the phase is related to the derivative of the logarithm of the modulus via a Berry-Simon-like connection which is in the form of a weak value. As a consequence, the modulus-phase relation allows us to obtain these polar components whenever the connection is specified. One of the possible appli...