LAUSR

Tonic immobility (TI) is a behaviour related to fear and stress response. Birds can exhibit a short (STI) or long (LTI) tonic immobility phenotype on the basis in TI duration. In this study, the differences in the hypothalamic appetite-associated factors and energy sensor gene expression between STI and LTI broilers were evaluated under free feed access or 16-h fasting. The results showed that the concentrations of cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid, malonaldehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in plasma were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in fasting broilers compared with broilers fed ad libitum, whereas plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total antioxidant capacity concentrations were decreased (P < 0.05). With respect to TI, however, only low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and glutathione peroxidase concentrations in plasma showed significant differences between LTI and STI broilers, with higher concentrations in LTI compared with STI. Real-time PCR results showed that only NPY mRNA expression demonstrated a tendency to increase in STI broilers compared with LTI (P = 0.095). Fasting downregulated SREBP-1 and its target gene FAS but upregulated CPT1 in the hypothalamus. Additionally, levels of hypothalamic p-GR and p-AMPK protein expression decreased after fasting. These results indicate that a 16-h fasting results in a negative energy status, and is accompanied with changes in expression of hypothalamic energy sensor and appetite-associated factors.