Significance We find that urban infrastructure inequalities are a characteristic feature of urbanization, with multiscale patterns that highlight greater inequalities at regional than at local intracity scales. Results show that… Click to show full abstract
Significance We find that urban infrastructure inequalities are a characteristic feature of urbanization, with multiscale patterns that highlight greater inequalities at regional than at local intracity scales. Results show that the level of urban infrastructure inequality has a significant bearing on urbanization characteristics. Owing to infrastructure inequalities, urbanization as a pathway to sustainable development faces fundamental constraints. Our study raises intriguing questions about the urban infrastructure inequality implications of future urbanization and the spatial scales at which we ought to understand and address these inequalities.
               
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