Significance The present research uncovers the dynamic nature of student discipline. The findings show that discipline escalates during the school year, that discipline escalates more severely for Black students, and… Click to show full abstract
Significance The present research uncovers the dynamic nature of student discipline. The findings show that discipline escalates during the school year, that discipline escalates more severely for Black students, and that racial disparities in discipline escalate most in schools that have a high degree of racial disparity early in the year. The findings thus provide insights regarding when and where to intervene to reduce discipline and discipline disparities.
               
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