LAUSR

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) has emerged as a significant medical problem without therapeutic options. Using the platinum-based chemotherapy cisplatin to model CICI, we revealed robust elevations in the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and its downstream effectors, cAMP and CREB, by cisplatin in the adult mouse hippocampus, a critical brain structure for learning and memory. Notably, A2AR inhibition by the Food and Drug Administration–approved A2AR antagonist KW-6002 prevented cisplatin-induced impairments in neural progenitor proliferation and dendrite morphogenesis of adult-born neurons, while improving memory and anxiety-like behavior, without affecting tumor growth or cisplatin’s antitumor activity. Collectively, our study identifies A2AR signaling as a key pathway that can be therapeutically targeted to prevent cisplatin-induced cognitive impairments.