Significance Viruses that target the respiratory tract can inflict pulmonary damage, with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a potentially fatal outcome. Neutrophils are key actors in ARDS. Here, we… Click to show full abstract
Significance Viruses that target the respiratory tract can inflict pulmonary damage, with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a potentially fatal outcome. Neutrophils are key actors in ARDS. Here, we use nanobodies that target Ly6C/G, markers of neutrophils, to image inflammation in the lung and to selectively deliver dexamethasone to the targeted cell population via a nanobody-drug conjugate (NDC) in influenza virus–infected mice. The positron emission tomography imaging data show a clear increase of the Ly6C/G-positive population in the lungs during infection. The NDC prevented weight loss in mice, using but a fraction of the amount of free drug that would be required for treatment.
               
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