LAUSR

Significance Comprehending the intricate dynamics of microbial colonization in the rhizosphere is critical for establishing a beneficial symbiotic relationship. However, limitations in in situ detection have hindered exploration of rhizosphere colonization dynamics, particularly concerning probiotics such as Bacillus subtilis. The study uncovers diurnal fluctuations of B. subtilis growth in the rhizosphere. By elucidating the pivotal role of dissolved oxygen and pH in driving these fluctuations, this research reveals fundamental environmental factors that intricately shape microbial growth. Through establishing a close correlation between microbial growth patterns and environmental dynamics, this research offers invaluable insights into the complex interplay between plants and rhizosphere microbes, paving the way for enhanced understanding and management of agricultural ecosystems.