LAUSR

Abstract Objective: An optimized date seed oil (DSO) loaded niosomes was formulated. Significance: Maximize the extract anti-inflammatory efficacy and govern its release characteristics from nanoparticles for osteoarthritis prevention and treatment purposes. Methods: By using Box–Behnken Design, the effect of three formulation factors on the entrapment efficiency percentage (Y1), initial DSO release percentage after 2 h (Y2), and cumulative DSO release percentage of DSO after 12 h (Y3), were optimized and studied. The optimized DSO formulation was specified, elaborated, particle size and zeta potential assessed, examined morphologically under electron and light microscope, and in vivo evaluated via carrageenan-induced rat paw edema study. Results: 65.89%, 18.39%, and 58.27% were the measured responses of the optimized niosomes for Y1, Y2, and Y3, respectively. The vesicular structure of the optimized DSO loaded nano-vesicles with nano-size range and good stability features were confirmed. Furthermore, a distinguished anti-inflammatory activity in both prompt and sustained effectiveness were exhibited via the optimized DSO niosomes. Interestingly, the delayed efficacy outcomes of the extract loaded nanoparticles showed a similarity profile as well as the negative control group outcomes. Conclusions: To emphasize, DSO loading in niosomes revealed a significant enhancement toward inflammation alleviation, which offers a promising implement in osteoarthritis remediation and prohibition.