LAUSR

Abstract Apple replant disease (ARD) occurs frequently in old orchards and is an important disease that limits apple production in China. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the causal agents of ARD and its pathogenic mechanism is still unclear. To explore the potential pathogenesis-related genes of this pathogen, a T-DNA insertion library of F. oxysporum HS2 was constructed via optimized Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). The ATMT system yielded 160–200 transformants/106 conidia, indicating a relatively high conversion efficiency. The genetically stable transformants were tested through five generations of successive subculture on hygromycin-free media, and the alien gene was detected via PCR. A total of 3500 transformants were obtained to produce a T-DNA insertion library of F. oxysporum HS2, and 223 of these mutants were randomly selected for sporulation and pathogenicity tests. Most of the tested mutants presented weakened virulence, and one of them displayed obviously attenuated sporulation and reduced pathogenicity. The T-DNA in six pathogenicity-deficient mutants existed as a single copy, as confirmed by Southern blotting. The T-DNA flanking sequence was obtained rapidly by successive chromosome walking via the high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction (hiTAIL-PCR) method. The T-DNA right flanking sequences of five transformants were identified further, and the obtained sequences were aligned to the genomic sequence, revealing novel loci related to pathogenesis. This study provided a large number of various pathogenesis-related mutants and pathogenesis-related genes, which will be valuable resources for characterizing the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis-related genes.