LAUSR

Cellular stress triggered by living and non-living entities may dysregulate cellular processes, DNA proofreading and cell division, resulting in the transformation of cells and hence the development of cancer. The host immune system can recognize promptly and eliminate transformed cells through immune effector cells that mediate apoptosis of tumor cells. The manipulation of host immunity through the utilization of immune product such as monoclonal antibodies or cytokines are key components for development of appropriate cancer immunotherapy. This issue of the International Reviews of Immunology focuses on the interaction of host immunity with cancer (Fig. 1). Tight regulation is essential for immune homeostasis which ensures elimination of pathogens and curbs proliferation of transformed cells. Thus, dysregulation of immunity may promote a wide range of pathologies such as autoimmune disease and cancer. The first review article of this issue by Schäfer et al. discusses the advantages of the utilization of innate immune cells for immunotherapy, inducing immediate responses and also instructing adaptive immune cells such as B and T cells to modulate autoimmune diseases and cancer. The authors compare advantage and disadvantage B and T cells based immunotherapy. The article may be useful to basic and translational immunobiologists and researchers with interest in cancer immunotherapy. Globally, immunotherapy researchers are putting an immense effort to eradicate cancer. The second review