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in the eighteenth century, but it was a product of the interaction between this legacy and the Communist Academy established after 1917. The third chapter is particularly useful to understand the Soviet experiment in a comparative light because it deals with ideology (as a doctrine, worldview, historical concept, discourse, faith and performance) as a key factor to understand Soviet modernity. David-Fox argues that Soviet modernity was shaped not purely by a dogmatic Marxist–Leninist vision, nor simply by existing circumstances or Russia’s past, but by the interaction between all of these. Therefore, Soviet modernity was comparable to other communist examples while also bearing significant differences. ideology, with its many facets, both reveals the distinct aspects of Soviet mentality and at the same time exposes its connections to other times and places.