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Fractal Analysis of Pi Normality

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ABSTRACT π, the ratio between a circumference of a circle to its diameter, is a transcendental (and hence irrational) number. Fractal analysis is used here to show that π’s digit… Click to show full abstract

ABSTRACT π, the ratio between a circumference of a circle to its diameter, is a transcendental (and hence irrational) number. Fractal analysis is used here to show that π’s digit sequence corresponds to a uniformly distributed random succession of independent decimal digits, and that these properties get clearer as the number of digits in the series grows towards infinity; 109 digits were tested in this work. This is consistent with the hypothesis that π is normal.

Keywords: analysis normality; fractal analysis; analysis

Journal Title: Experimental Mathematics
Year Published: 2018

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