LAUSR

Abstract Traditionally, it was believed that realistic, high-fidelity simulation could result in effective training-systems. By showing the potentials of low-fidelity simulations, numerous research projects cast doubt on the traditional belief in high-fidelity simulation. Because the construct of fidelity has guided the training-system design for decades, a growing disbelief in fidelity has created a void in design, leaving designers without resources in their decision-making. This article first presents a historical review that shows how fidelity has been used in research and design, and how it was later challenged by researchers. Then, in filling the void of fidelity, attempts at providing design guidelines, such as trainee- and task-analysis, are reviewed and their strengths and limitations are discussed. Toward the end, the lessons from the review are used to call for the creation of design methods. An example of such a method is discussed that uses the videorecording of expert performance as a resource in design.