LAUSR

......................................................................................................91 1 Occurrence and biological significance....................................................91 2 Properties of native toxin .........................................................................92 3 Mechanism of action ................................................................................93 3.1 Binding .............................................................................................93 3.2 Oligomerization ................................................................................93 3.3 Pore formation ..................................................................................94 4 Structure ...................................................................................................95 4.1 Structure of the heptameric pore formed in detergent solution.........95 4.2 Structure of the membrane-bound oligomer .....................................98 4.3 Structurally related pore-forming toxins...........................................98 5 Cellular resistance and repair mechanisms...............................................99 6 Biological effects....................................................................................101 6.1 Cytocidal action ..............................................................................101 6.2 Secondary cellular reactions ...........................................................101 6.3 Long-range effects ..........................................................................104 6.4 Synergism between alpha-toxin and other toxins ...........................104 7 Use of alpha-toxin in cell biology ..........................................................104 8 Medical relevance ..................................................................................105 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................106 References .................................................................................................106 S. cerevisiae K28 toxin a secreted virus toxin of the A/B family of protein toxins .....................................................................................................111 Susanne Leis, Jenny Spindler, Jochen Reiter, Frank Breinig, and Manfred J. Schmitt.........................................................................................111 Abstract .....................................................................................................111