LAUSR

ABSTRACT One of the major sources of increased air pollution is the continuous and rigorous emissions from gasoline engines, which are generating a threat to our environment. Different methods are explored to reduce these emissions. Emissions are formed due to the incomplete combustion of fuel caused by the lack of oxygen content during combustion. Gasoline has no oxygen content so oxygen for the combustion process for a gasoline engine is derived from the intake air, resulting in incomplete combustion; however, additional oxygen can be supplied through ethanol blended with gasoline. Ethanol has the additional advantage of reducing harmful emissions when used a fuel in a spark ignition (SI) engine. On altering the fuel blending ratio in varying percentages the harmful emissions can be checked, which demonstrates the potential of using ethanol-gasoline blends. The aim of this review is to study and analyze the range of opportunities and future prospects for introducing blends of gasoline-ethanol, gasoline with all other alcohols, and derivative and subsequent alternative fuels in varying percentage ratios in existing SI engines by diagnosing various aspects such as air-fuel ratio, operating cylinder pressure, ignition timing and compression ratio related to the emission parameters only.