LAUSR

Stud es of educat onal nst tut ons n the late Ottoman Emp re n Engl sh language const tute both a robust and s multaneously underdeveloped f eld of analys s. Over the last 30 years, works on metropol tan, prov nc al, and m ss onary school ng, pedagog cal reforms, and educat onal pol c es have demonstrated through f ne gra ned h stor cal analys s how the development of educat onal nst tut ons was shaped by both external pressures and nternal forces, all the wh le transform ng modes of mper al governance and not ons of subject v ty and c tzensh p alongs de t. However, much of the nst tut onal landscape of the late Ottoman and early Republ can per ods rema n underexplored when compared to the r ch l terature on Ottoman and Turk sh pol t cal and soc al h story. Prec sely how nst tut onal and soc al-d scurs ve forces nteracted to produce many of the late Ottoman transformat ons fam l ar to most spec al sts n the f eld rema ns a quest on n need of cont nued cons derat on.