Elementary formulas for gravitational potential energy, heat capacity, and Newton’s law of cooling are used to measure and compare the efficiencies of a person walking uphill and downhill. Good agreement… Click to show full abstract
Elementary formulas for gravitational potential energy, heat capacity, and Newton’s law of cooling are used to measure and compare the efficiencies of a person walking uphill and downhill. Good agreement is found for their ratio with more sophisticated experiments in the literature made by measuring respiration to determine metabolic power. A simple argument explains why human muscles are less than 50% efficient at converting chemical into mechanical energy. IOP
               
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