LAUSR

Bulk samples of magnesium diboride (MgB2) doped with 0.5 wt% of the rare earth oxides (REOs) Nd2O3 and Dy2O3 (named B-ND and B-DY) prepared by standard powder processing, and wires of MgB2 doped with 0.5 wt% Dy2O3 (named W-DY) prepared by a commercial powder-in-tube processing were studied. Investigations included x-ray diffractometry, scanning- and transmission electron microscopy, magnetic measurement of superconducting transition temperature (T c), magnetic and resistive measurements of upper critical field (B c2) and irreversibility field (B irr), as well as magnetic and transport measurements of critical current densities versus applied field (J cm(B) and J c(B), respectively). It was found that although the products of REO doping did not substitute into the MgB2 lattice, REO-based inclusions resided within grains and at grain boundaries. Curves of bulk pinning force density (F p) versus reduced field (b = B/B irr) showed that flux pinning was by predominantly by grain boundaries, not point defects. At all temperatures the F p(b) of W-DY experienced enhancement by inclusion-induced grain boundary refinement but at higher temperatures F p(b) was still further increased by a Dy2O3 additive-induced increase in B irr of about 1 T at all temperatures up to 20 K (and beyond). It is noted that Dy2O3 increases B irr and that it does so, not just at 4 K, but in the higher temperature regime. This important property, shared by a number of REOs and other oxides promises to extend the applications range of MgB2 conductors.