LAUSR

Uptake of and persistence on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the United States have been limited. The potential of new PrEP modalities to increase access will be hindered if underlying structural and interpersonal barriers-including, insurance coverage, initiation and maintenance clinical protocols, provider bias, stigma, and lack of trust in health care-are not adequately addressed. We conducted in-person and telephone-based recorded interviews with 32 US-based clinical and nonclinical PrEP providers spanning the PrEP implementation continuum (clinicians, counselors, and support staff). Providers were recruited at biomedical HIV prevention conferences and networks to explore barriers to and strategies for PrEP implementation. Providers provided care to clients spanning adolescents to adulthood and a variety of genders across all geographic regions of the United States. To directly mitigate stigma, providers called for clinic-level interventions to normalize and universalize PrEP education and services, counseling and other services that center patients' lived experiences and circumstance, staffing and community engagement models that value patients, and implementation of specific programs and processes that facilitate access to services. To address disparities in access, PrEP implementation should acknowledge the interconnectedness of stigma and structural barriers to care.