LAUSR

MOTIVATION The comparison of genomes using models of molecular evolution is a powerful approach for finding, or towards understanding, functional elements. In particular, comparative genomics is a fundamental building brick in annotating ever larger sets of alignable genomes completely, accurately and consistently. RESULTS We here present our new program ClaMSA that classifies multiple sequence alignments using a phylogenetic model. It uses a novel continuous-time Markov chain machine learning layer, named CTMC, whose parameters are learned end-to-end and together with (recurrent) neural networks for a learning task. We trained ClaMSA discriminatively to classify aligned codon sequences that are candidates of coding regions into coding or non-coding and obtained four times fewer false positives for this task on vertebrate and fly alignments than existing methods at the same true positive rate. ClaMSA and the CTMC layer are general tools that could be used for other machine learning tasks on tree-related sequence data. AVAILABILITY Freely from https://github.com/Gaius-Augustus/clamsa. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available online.