1Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 052-2113, Japan, and Tomakomai Forest Research Station, Hokkaido University Forests, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 053-0035, Japan 2Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, and… Click to show full abstract
1Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 052-2113, Japan, and Tomakomai Forest Research Station, Hokkaido University Forests, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 053-0035, Japan 2Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA 3Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan 4Faculty of Human Studies, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 461-0048, Japan 5Nagano Environmental Conservation Research Institute, Kitago, Nagano 381-0075, Japan 6Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
               
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