LAUSR

Background Text messaging is a promising strategy to support human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care engagement, but little is known about its efficacy in urban safety-net HIV clinics. Methods We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a supportive and motivational text messaging intervention, Connect4Care (C4C), among viremic patients who had a history of poor retention or were new to the clinic. Participants were randomized (stratified by new or established HIV diagnosis status) to receive either of the following for 12 months: (1) thrice-weekly intervention messages, plus texted primary care appointment reminders and a monthly text message requesting confirmation of study participation or (2) texted reminders and monthly messages alone. Viral load was assessed at 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was virologic suppression (<200 copies/mL) at 12 months, estimated via repeated-measures log-binomial regression, adjusted for new-diagnosis status. The secondary outcome was retention in clinic care. Results Between August 2013 and November 2015, a total of 230 participants were randomized. Virologic suppression at 12 months was similar in intervention and control participants (48.8% vs 45.8%, respectively), yielding a rate ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval, .82-1.39). Suppression was higher in those with newly diagnosed infection (78.3% vs 45.3%). There were no intervention effects on the secondary outcome. Exploratory analyses suggested that patients with more responses to study text messages had better outcomes, regardless of arm. Conclusions The C4C text messaging intervention did not significantly increase virologic suppression or retention in care. Response to text messages may be a useful way for providers to gauge risk for poor HIV outcomes. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01917994.