LAUSR

BACKGROUND Extreme temperatures are increasingly experienced as a result of climate change. Both high and low temperatures, impacted by climate change, have been linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Global estimates on non-optimal temperature-related CVD are not known. OBJECTIVES The authors investigated global trends of temperature-related CVD burden over the last 3 decades. METHODS The authors utilized the 1990-2019 global burden of disease methodology to investigate non-optimal temperature, low temperature-, and high temperature-related CVD deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. Non-optimal temperatures were defined as above (high temperature) or below (low temperature) the location-specific theoretical minimum-risk exposure level, or the temperature associated with the lowest mortality rates. Analyses were later stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI) and world regions. RESULTS In 2019, non-optimal temperature contributed to 1,194,196 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 963,816 to 1,425,090) CVD deaths and 21,799,370 (95% UI: 17,395,761 to 25,947,499) DALYs. low temperature contributed to 1,104,200 (95% UI: 897,783 to 1,326,965) CVD deaths and 19,768,986 (95% UI: 16,039,594 to 23,925,945) DALYs. High temperature contributed to 93,095 (95% UI: 10,827 to 158,386) CVD deaths and 2,098,989 (95% UI: 146,158 to 3,625,564) DALYs. Between 1990 and 2019, CVD deaths related to non-optimal temperature increased by 45% (95% UI: 32% to 63%), low temperature by 36% (95% UI: 25% to 48%), and high temperature by 600% (95% UI: -1879% to 2027%). Non-optimal temperature and high temperature-related CVD deaths increased more in countries with low income than countries with high income. CONCLUSION Non-optimal temperatures are significantly associated with global CVD deaths and DALYs, underscoring the significant impact of temperature on public health.