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A Phantom Verb: Yuttan in Biblical Hebrew

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The verb נתן ‘to give’ is pointed as hophal eight times in the Bible. The scholarly consensus is that these occurrences were originally intended as qal-passive, and that there was… Click to show full abstract

The verb נתן ‘to give’ is pointed as hophal eight times in the Bible. The scholarly consensus is that these occurrences were originally intended as qal-passive, and that there was no hophal נתן in original Biblical Hebrew. It is argued here that there was neither hophal nor qal-passive נתן in original Biblical Hebrew: these occurrences were originally intended as qal, their subjects were indefinite, and they were intuitively revocalized as hophal when the third-person singular indefinite subject fell out of use in Hebrew.

Keywords: phantom verb; hebrew; yuttan biblical; verb yuttan; biblical hebrew

Journal Title: Journal of Semitic Studies
Year Published: 2023

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