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Photometric variations from stellar activity as an age indicator for solar-twins

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Stellar ages are elusive to measure, albeit being very important for understanding stellar evolution. We investigate the impact of photospheric activity on 2-minute cadence lightcurves from the TESS/NASA mission of… Click to show full abstract

Stellar ages are elusive to measure, albeit being very important for understanding stellar evolution. We investigate the impact of photospheric activity on 2-minute cadence lightcurves from the TESS/NASA mission of a selected sample of 30 solar-twins with well-determined ages. The photometric variability, $\mathcal {A}_{\textrm {TESS}}$, of the lightcurves due to rotational modulations by the presence of active regions was estimated and correlated with chromospheric activity (Ca II H&K lines from an extensive HARPS/ESO activity time series) and ages. Moreover, these results were compared with the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) amplitude behaviour during the solar magnetic cycles 23 and 24, validating our findings for solar-twins. Our results show the photometric amplitude to be strongly correlated to the average level of chromospheric activity for the star sample. Also, we found a good correlation of $\mathcal {A}_{\textrm {TESS}}$ with stellar age (in Gyr) described by: $\log t = +12.239-0.894 \log \mathcal {A}_{\textrm {TESS}}$. In conclusion, stellar photometric variability $\mathcal {A}_{\textrm {TESS}}$ may be used as an simple age diagnostic for solar-twins.

Keywords: textrm tess; solar twins; age; activity; mathcal textrm

Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Year Published: 2023

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