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Cooling Flows as a Reference Solution for the Hot Circumgalactic Medium

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) in ≳ 1012 M⊙ halos is dominated by a hot phase (T ≳ 106 K). While many models exist for the hot gas structure, there is as… Click to show full abstract

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) in ≳ 1012 M⊙ halos is dominated by a hot phase (T ≳ 106 K). While many models exist for the hot gas structure, there is as yet no consensus. We compare cooling flow models, in which the hot CGM flows inward due to radiative cooling, to the CGM of ∼1012 − 1013 M⊙ halos in galaxy formation simulations from the FIRE project at z ∼ 0. The simulations include realistic cosmological evolution and feedback from stars but neglect AGN feedback. At both mass scales, CGM inflows are typically dominated by the hot phase rather than by the ‘precipitation’ of cold gas. Despite being highly idealized, we find that cooling flows describe ∼1013 M⊙ halos very well, with median agreement in the density and temperature profiles of ∼20% and ∼10%, respectively. This indicates that stellar feedback has little impact on CGM scales in those halos. For ∼1012 M⊙ halos, the thermodynamic profiles are also accurately reproduced in the outer CGM. For some of these lower-mass halos, cooling flows significantly over-predict the hot gas density in the inner CGM. This could be due to multidimensional angular momentum effects not well captured by our 1D cooling flow models and/or to the larger cold gas fractions in these regions. Turbulence, which contributes ∼10 − 40% of the total pressure, must be included to accurately reproduce the temperature profiles. Overall, cooling flows predict entropy profiles in better agreement with the FIRE simulations than other idealized models in the literature.

Keywords: circumgalactic medium; cooling flows; cgm; halos

Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Year Published: 2024

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