LAUSR

Appropriate dietary adjustment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important, and nutritional guidelines recommend different dietary management depending on the CKD stage. However, there is no study, to our knowledge, of the characteristics of dietary intake according to CKD stages. We tried to assess the comparison of nutritional intake according to CKD stages. A cross-sectional study was conducted to reveal the characteristics of dietary intake among CKD patients based on the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 2011 and 2014. Based on Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines, we stratified CKD into five groups (I, II, IIIa, IIIb and IV–V) and investigated the characteristics of dietary intake, such as energy, water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus, according to stage of CKD. We also explored nutritional intake according to CKD stage among patients with early CKD (stage I and II) and advanced CKD (stage IIIa, IIIb and IV–V). Of 16 878 participants, 14 952 were classed as non-CKD (88.61%) and 1926 (11.39%) as CKD. Of 16 878 participants, 14 952 were classed as non-CKD (88.61%) and 1926 (11.39%) as CKD. Intake of energy, water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus tended to be decreased as CKD progressed. In early CKD stage, intake of energy, water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, potassium, and phosphorus seemed to be statistically significant decreased as CKD progressed. In advanced CKD stage, intake of sodium and potassium seemed to be decreased as CKD progressed, but the intake of energy was about to be lower limit. Appropriate dietary education and CKD recognition are needed to improve nutritional intake depending on the CKD stage.