LAUSR

Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant brain tumor with a devastating prognosis. Resection followed by radio-chemotherapy leads to an overall survival of only 15 months. Up to 40% of the tumor mass consist of tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs). These cells were shown to promote tumor growth and invasiveness in many murine glioma models. The interaction between TAMs and tumor cells is crucial for tumor progression and includes several known pathways. Still, murine glioma models only partially mirror the human tumor microenvironment. Several known genes, which are highly upregulated in human glioma and TAMs are only expressed in human tissue and not in mice. To further investigate some of these genes, we aimed at establishing a humanized ex-vivo brain slice model, in which human TAMs and human glioma cells can be studied in a standardized manner. We used 250 micrometer thick murine brain slices, which were depleted of intrinsic microglia by applying clodoronated liposomes. Next, we inoculated human glioma cells (originating from the cell lines mCherryU87, mCherryU251MG, mCherryLN229 and several patient derived cells lines) with or without human microglia derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Slices were cultivated for 7 to 14 days. Next, we performed a detailed analysis of microglia morphology (sphericity, cell body volume, process length and branching pattern) and tumor volume. Clodronation efficacy was high, depending on duration of treatment and length of cultivation. iPSCs and tumor cells integrated into the slice very well. The presence of tumor cells led to an increased sphericity of iPSC-dervied microglia and to an increased cell body volume. Branching pattern and process length did not differ between both conditions. Tumor volume was significantly larger when iPSC-derived microglia were present. This was found in various glioma cells lines and also in patient derived cells. The newly established humanized ex-vivo brain slice system was shown to be feasible. The method successfully allows to study the interaction between human TAMs and tumor cells. Microglia foster tumor growth not only in murine glioma models, but also in a human paradigm. The humanized ex-vivo brain slice model therefore is the optimal basis to study the role human-specific genes in TAM-glioma interaction.