LAUSR

A Majorana particle is a fermion that is identical to its own antiparticle. Majorana fermions are named after Ettore Majorana, who predicted this type of particle in 1937 [1]. He suggested that charge-neutral spin-1/2 particles can be described by a real wave equation as opposed to the Dirac equation, which is a complex wave equation, and proposed that neutrinos are particles of such a type. Since the particle–antiparticle transformation will change the sign of the charge, a Majorana particle must be charge neutral. To the best of our knowledge, all the standard model fermions in particle physics are known as Dirac fermions, except theneutrino.The lattermaybeeither aDirac or aMajorana fermion, and the issue has not yet been settled [2]. Majorana zeromode (MZM), also referred to as the zero-energy Majorana bound state, is a property of existing particles than a new particle, in the sense that a particle should have a well defined energy–momentum dispersion relation. Indeed, the word ‘mode’ indicates a solution to the wave equation in a quantum system, which could be either Schrödinger or Dirac-like. Majorana fermions obey fermionic statistics, while a particle (to be precise, a particlelike object) associated with theMajorana mode obeys non-Abelian statistics [3].