LAUSR

Quantum oscillations refer to the oscillatory behavior of transport and thermodynamic quantities as a function of the applied magnetic field B in metals and semimetals. The primary examples are the Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations in the magnetoresistance R(B) [1] and the de Haas–Van Alphen effect in magnetization [2], both originally discovered in bulk single crystals of Bi in 1930. They are among the first macroscopic quantum effects observed and understood bymankind, based on Landau’s quantization of a charged particle in a magnetic field in the same year [3].These oscillations are periodic in 1/B (see Fig. 1a) and come from the oscillations in the density of states at the Fermi level N(EF) due to the arithmetic progression of quantized Landau levels. Over the past 90 years or so, quantum oscillations have served as a powerful experimental technique for probing the lowenergy electronic properties of crystal solids.