LAUSR

Abstract Background Inappropriate antibiotic use includes prescribing for antibiotic inappropriate diagnoses and use of broad-spectrum instead of narrow-spectrum therapies and contributes to adverse events and antibiotic resistance. To guide the design and implementation of antibiotic stewardship interventions in a network of pediatric clinics, we sought to characterize appropriate antibiotic prescribing for children diagnosed with uncomplicated respiratory infections. Methods Retrospective cohort study of visits by children to one of 31 primary care or six urgent care clinics in a university healthcare system between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017. Two outcomes were used to characterize antibiotic prescribing: (1) percentage of antibiotic inappropriate diagnoses (bronchitis, bronchiolitis, upper respiratory infection) that were prescribed an antibiotic; (2) percentage of visits with a diagnosis for acute otitis media (AOM), sinusitis, or pharyngitis prescribed first-line recommended antibiotics (amoxicillin or penicillin). Children with a documented penicillin allergy or antibiotic prescriptions in the previous 30 days were excluded. Chi-square tests were used to compare prescribing between settings. Results Among 117,279 total visits examined, 16,760 (14%) were for antibiotic inappropriate diagnoses, 5,912 (5%) for AOM, 844 (1%) for sinusitis and 4,912 (4%) for pharyngitis. Only 3% (95% CI: 2.9–3.4) of antibiotic inappropriate diagnoses were prescribed antibiotics. The percent of visits for AOM, sinusitis, and pharyngitis prescribed first-line antibiotics ranged from 27% (95% CI: 21–33) for sinusitis in urgent care to 91% (95% CI: 90–92) for pharyngitis in urgent care (figure). Differences in appropriate prescribing by setting were observed for AOM (P < 0.01) and sinusitis (P < 0.01). Conclusion In this network of pediatric practices, we found minimal evidence of unnecessary antibiotic use for respiratory infections but substantial underuse of first-line therapy for sinusitis, especially in urgent care settings. Stewardship interventions designed to reinforce existing practices for antibiotic-inappropriate conditions and promote greater use of appropriate first-line therapies are planned for this setting. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.