LAUSR

Abstract Background Fungal PJIs are rare and often associated with poor outcome. Risk factors are not well described and thus, we sought to determine such risks among patients cared for at two large academic hospitals. Methods This was a retrospective case–control study among patients with PJI from 2006 to 2016. Each fungal PJI case was matched 1:1 with a bacterial PJI control for joint location (hip, knee, and shoulder) and year of diagnosis. We compared demographics (age, sex, and race), co-morbid conditions (BMI, diabetes, immunosuppression, renal disease, and antibiotic use), and clinical characteristics (joint age, wound factors, laboratory data, previous joint surgeries, and previous PJI) between fungal and bacterial PJI groups using chi square/Fisher’s exact or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Risk factors statistically (P < 0.05) or clinically significant were included in a multivariable logistic regression (MVR) model in stepwise fashion (SAS 9.4, Cary, North Carolina). Results Forty-one fungal PJI occurred over the study period and 61% were due to Candida albicans. Median age was 64.7 years, 51% were females, and 87% were White. The hip was involved in 51.2%, followed by the knee (46.3%), and shoulder (2.4%). There were no significant differences in joint age or co-morbid conditions. Compared with bacterial PJI, those with fungal PJI were more likely to have received antibiotics within the past 3 months (70.7% vs. 34%, P = 0.001), had wound drainage lasting more than 5 days (48% vs. 9%, P = 0.0002), had a lower median CRP (2.95 mg/dL vs. 5.99, P = 0.013) and synovial fluid wbc count (13,953 cells/mm3 vs. 33,198, P = 0.007), and a higher proportion of prior two-stage exchanges (82.9% vs. 53.6%, P = 0.008). After MVR, controlling for the center, presence of wound drainage for more than 5 days (OR, 7.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.02–26.95) and receipt of antibiotics within the past 3 months (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2–9.3) were factors significantly associated with fungal PJI. Conclusion In our study, Candida albicans was the most common species in fungal PJIs. The presence of wound drainage for more than 5 days and receipt of antibiotics within the past 3 months were independent risk factors for fungal PJI among a cohort of PJI patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.